The inheritance of skin color in humans is an example of: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Louis Pasteur, through his famous swan-neck flask experiment (1861), demonstrated that life does not arise spontaneously from non-living matter. Sterilized broth in flasks remained sterile unless exposed to airborne microorganisms. Fleming discovered penicillin, Koch established postulates for microbial disease, Jenner developed smallpox vaccine. Pasteur's work was foundational for microbiology.

Explanation:
Plastics are synthetic polymers that resist microbial decomposition and persist in the environment for hundreds of years, causing pollution. Paper, cotton, and vegetable waste are biodegradable and broken down by decomposers.

Explanation:
Coral reefs grow by accumulation of calcium carbonate skeletons secreted by living coral polyps, but the reef structure itself is non-living. It increases in mass externally (accretion). Mushrooms, mango trees, and bacteria exhibit intrinsic growth by cell division, characteristic of living organisms. Thus, coral reef growth is non-living accumulation.