The long, cylindrical, highly specialized part of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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The long, cylindrical, highly specialized part of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the:

A. Soma

B. Dendrite

C. Myelin sheath

D. Axon

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

A neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. Dendrites are short, branched processes that receive impulses and conduct them towards the cell body. The axon is a long, single, cylindrical fiber that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. The myelin sheath is an insulating layer around the axon.

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The instrument used to measure blood pressure is a:

A. Thermometer

B. Electrocardiograph

C. Stethoscope

D. Sphygmomanometer

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
A sphygmomanometer, often used with a stethoscope, measures arterial blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) in mmHg. A stethoscope listens to heart/lung sounds, thermometer measures temperature, ECG records heart electrical activity. Normal blood pressure is about 120/80 mmHg.

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Question #2

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The condition in which the blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin is:

A. Polycythemia

B. Thalassemia

C. Leukemia

D. Anemia

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Anemia is a deficiency in RBCs or hemoglobin, reducing oxygen-carrying capacity. Causes: iron deficiency, vitamin B₁₂/folate deficiency, blood loss, hemolysis. Polycythemia is excess RBCs, leukemia is cancer of WBCs, thalassemia is a genetic hemoglobin disorder leading to anemia. Anemia causes fatigue and pallor.

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Question #3

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Consider statements about genetics: 1. Genes are made of DNA. 2. Chromosomes are located in the nucleus. 3. RNA is the genetic material in all cells. Which are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 1 and 2 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Genes are specific sequences of nucleotides that serve as the fundamental units of heredity, and in all cellular organisms, they are made of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Chromosomes are thread-like structures composed of DNA and proteins, and they are located within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. DNA is the genetic material in all cellular organisms; RNA serves as the genetic material only in some viruses, not in cells. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

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