The most common method of reproduction in bacteria is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Urobilin is derived from bilirubin, a heme breakdown product, and gives urine its yellow color. R is true and explains A.

Explanation:
In the apoplast pathway, water moves through cell walls and intercellular spaces without crossing membranes. However, at the endodermis, the Casparian strip (suberin deposition) blocks apoplastic movement, forcing water to enter the symplast (via plasma membrane). Thus, apoplastic movement stops at the endodermis. This ensures selective uptake of minerals.

Explanation:
Vaccination introduces antigens (weakened or killed pathogens) to stimulate the body's own immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells without causing disease. This is artificial active immunity. Natural active immunity is acquired by recovering from infection. Artificial passive immunity is direct administration of antibodies (e.g., antiserum). Natural passive immunity is transfer of maternal antibodies to fetus.