Which type of immunity is achieved by vaccination? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
Which type of immunity is achieved by vaccination?
A. Artificial active immunity
B. Artificial passive immunity
C. Natural passive immunity
D. Natural active immunity
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Vaccination introduces antigens (weakened or killed pathogens) to stimulate the body's own immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells without causing disease. This is artificial active immunity. Natural active immunity is acquired by recovering from infection. Artificial passive immunity is direct administration of antibodies (e.g., antiserum). Natural passive immunity is transfer of maternal antibodies to fetus.
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Question #1
The scientist who discovered that DNA is the genetic material in bacteriophages was:
A. Avery, MacLeod, McCarty
B. Watson and Crick
C. Hershey and Chase
D. Meselson and Stahl
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Hershey and Chase (1952) used radioactive isotopes (³²P and ³⁵S) to show that DNA, not protein, enters bacteria during T2 phage infection and is the genetic material. Avery et al. earlier showed transforming principle was DNA. Watson and Crick determined structure, Meselson-Stahl replication mode.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
The organelle that processes and packages proteins for secretion is the:
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C. Lysosome
D. Ribosome
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport to their destinations (secretion, plasma membrane, lysosomes). Ribosomes synthesize proteins, rough ER folds and transports them, lysosomes digest materials.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
The process that moves food through the esophagus by rhythmic contractions is:
A. Emulsification
B. Mastication
C. Peristalsis
D. Segmentation
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Peristalsis is a wave-like series of muscular contractions and relaxations that propels food through the digestive tract. Segmentation mixes contents in the intestine, emulsification breaks fat globules, mastication is chewing.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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