The normal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in a healthy adult is approximately: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a concept introduced in India (first in West Bengal in 1988) to address the problem of forest degradation. It involves establishing a partnership between the state forest departments and local communities living near the forests. The communities are given the responsibility to protect and manage the degraded forest lands in exchange for a share in the produce (like non-timber forest products, timber) and employment opportunities, fostering a sense of ownership and sustainable conservation.

Explanation:
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is the total rate of photosynthesis, or the total amount of organic matter (biomass) produced by producers (plants) per unit area per unit time, including the organic matter used in respiration. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is GPP minus the energy used by the plants for respiration (NPP = GPP - R).

Explanation:
The endocrine part of the pancreas—the islets of Langerhans—contains β-cells that secrete insulin (lowers blood glucose), α-cells secrete glucagon (raises blood glucose), and δ-cells secrete somatostatin. Exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase, amylase). Pepsin is from stomach, bile from liver, gastrin from stomach. Insulin deficiency causes diabetes mellitus.