Explanation:
Formula: n = sin[(A+δ_m)/2]/sin(A/2). δ_m depends on prism angle A and refractive index n. Memory tip: 'δ_m increases with A and n; used to measure n'. Optics formula frequently tested in competitive exams.
Explanation:
SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) relies on the reflection of ultrasonic waves. A transmitter sends out sound waves, which travel through water, strike an object (like a submarine or the seabed), and reflect back as an echo to a receiver. By measuring the time taken for the echo to return, the distance can be calculated.
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