The pitcher plant (Nepenthes) has modified leaves to trap insects primarily to obtain: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis and transmitted to humans by the bite of infected fleas (from rodents), thus vector-borne. Common cold is airborne, typhoid is water/food-borne, tetanus enters through wounds from soil. Other vector-borne diseases include malaria (mosquito), dengue (mosquito), Lyme disease (tick).

Explanation:
Lactobacillus species convert lactose to lactic acid, lowering pH and coagulating milk proteins to form curd. It is a probiotic.

Explanation:
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), or vasopressin, is released from the posterior pituitary in response to high blood osmolarity (dehydration) or low blood volume. Its primary action is on the kidneys, specifically the late distal convoluted tubules and the collecting ducts. ADH binds to V2 receptors on the basolateral membrane of the principal cells, triggering the insertion of aquaporin-2 water channels into the apical membrane. This makes the tubule highly permeable to water, increasing water reabsorption from the filtrate back into the blood, producing concentrated urine and conserving body water.