The type of muscle tissue present in the walls of blood vessels and intestine is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Humulin is the trade name for the first genetically engineered human insulin, approved by the FDA in 1982. Prior to this, insulin for diabetic patients was extracted from the pancreases of pigs and cows, which could cause allergic reactions. Humulin is produced by inserting the human insulin genes into Escherichia coli bacteria, which then synthesize the exact amino acid sequence of human insulin, eliminating the risk of animal-derived immune reactions.

Explanation:
Vitamin B₁₂ contains cobalt, hence the name cobalamin. It is involved in DNA synthesis, red blood cell maturation, and nervous system maintenance. Deficiency leads to pernicious anemia and neurological disorders.

Explanation:
Bacteria exhibit diverse nutritional modes; some are autotrophic (photosynthetic like cyanobacteria or chemosynthetic), while others are heterotrophic (saprophytic or parasitic). Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, characterized by having a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and are heterotrophic. Viruses are considered non-living outside a host cell because they lack metabolic machinery and cannot replicate independently; they only exhibit living characteristics inside a host. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.