Explanation:
Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928 when a mold (Penicillium) inhibited bacterial growth on a plate. Florey and Chain purified it.
Explanation:
Phagocytosis is receptor-mediated or non-specific engulfment of large particles, forming a phagosome that fuses with lysosomes. Key in immune defense.
Explanation:
The loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient in the medulla, enabling water reabsorption and concentrated urine. Urine is formed in kidneys, the unit is nephron, ureter connects kidney to bladder.
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