During photosynthesis, water is split (photolysis), releasing oxygen as a byproduct. Respiration consumes oxygen, nitrogen fixation uses nitrogenase, transpiration releases water vapor.
Explanation:
Alexander Fleming noticed in 1928 that a mold contaminant (Penicillium notatum) on a bacterial culture plate inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, leading to the discovery of penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic. Florey and Chain later purified it. Pasteur developed pasteurization.
Explanation:
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, where a specific segment of DNA is copied into RNA (specifically mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotes. The mRNA then carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for translation (protein synthesis).
Explanation:
Renin, released by juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when blood pressure drops, cleaves angiotensinogen (from liver) to angiotensin I. ACE then converts angiotensin I to the active angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulator of aldosterone. Pepsin and trypsin are digestive proteases.
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