The process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template is called: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Penicillin, the first antibiotic, is extracted from the fungus Penicillium notatum. Streptomycin is an antibiotic derived from the actinomycete bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and cannot be grown or cultured on artificial synthetic media; they require living host cells (like embryonated eggs or cell cultures) to replicate. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
Natural passive immunity is transferred from mother to child via placental transfer of IgG antibodies (in utero) and IgA antibodies in breast milk (colostrum). It provides temporary protection without the infant's immune system being activated. Active immunity results from natural infection or vaccination.

Explanation:
The nomenclature for restriction enzymes is based on the genus, species, strain, and order of discovery of the source bacterium. In EcoRI: 'E' stands for the genus Escherichia, 'co' stands for the species coli, 'R' stands for the strain RY13, and 'I' indicates that it was the first restriction enzyme isolated from this particular strain. This systematic naming convention helps scientists identify the exact source of the enzyme.