The process of separating proteins based on their net charge is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Norman Myers introduced the concept of biodiversity hotspots in 1988—regions with high endemic species and significant habitat loss (≥70% original vegetation lost). Examples: Western Ghats, Indo-Burma. Conservation efforts prioritize these areas. Darwin contributed evolution, Humboldt to biogeography, E.O. Wilson is known for sociobiology and biodiversity studies. Hotspots cover only 2.4% of Earth's land but hold >50% of plant species.

Explanation:
Pollination is the mechanism of transferring pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed and the ovary into a fruit. Double fertilization, involving syngamy and triple fusion, is a unique characteristic of angiosperms, not gymnosperms. Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation:
Vaccination involves the introduction of a weakened, killed, or partial pathogen (antigen) into the body. This stimulates the immune system to produce its own antibodies and memory cells without causing the disease. Since the body actively produces the immune response due to an artificial stimulus, it is called artificial active immunity.