Vaccination provides which type of immunity? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Urine specific gravity, a measure of solute concentration, normally ranges from 1.015 to 1.030. It varies with hydration status: low when dilute (after drinking), high when concentrated (dehydration). Diabetes insipidus shows low SG, diabetes mellitus may show high due to glucose.

Explanation:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) specifically targets and destroys CD4+ T-helper cells, severely compromising the immune system and leading to AIDS. Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary TB). Malaria is not caused by a virus; it is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation:
The '9+2' arrangement refers to nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a central pair, which is the classic axoneme structure of motile cilia and flagella. Centrioles and basal bodies possess a '9+0' arrangement (nine triplets, no central pair). Mitotic spindle fibers are single microtubules, and intermediate filaments lack a tubular microtubule structure entirely.