The scientist who developed the first vaccine against polio was: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The glomerulus is a knot of capillaries enveloped by Bowman's capsule, where blood is filtered under pressure (ultrafiltration). The high hydrostatic pressure forces water, ions, glucose, and urea into the tubular system, while cells and large proteins are retained. The loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct process the filtrate.

Explanation:
Insulin, secreted by the pancreas, promotes cellular glucose uptake, lowering blood sugar levels. Adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal medulla triggers the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and energy supply. Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, requires iodine as an essential component for its synthesis; iodine deficiency causes goiter. All statements are correct.

Explanation:
Cloning produces genetically identical copies of an organism or cell. In animals, somatic cell nuclear transfer (like Dolly the sheep) is used. Plant cloning occurs via vegetative propagation or tissue culture. Hybridization combines different genomes; mutation breeding induces mutations; cross breeding involves mating. Cloning has applications in therapeutics, conservation, and agriculture.