The technique of producing genetically identical individuals from a single cell is:
A. Mutation breeding
B. Cross breeding
C. Cloning
D. Hybridization
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Cloning produces genetically identical copies of an organism or cell. In animals, somatic cell nuclear transfer (like Dolly the sheep) is used. Plant cloning occurs via vegetative propagation or tissue culture. Hybridization combines different genomes; mutation breeding induces mutations; cross breeding involves mating. Cloning has applications in therapeutics, conservation, and agriculture.
Explanation:
Chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment, essential for converting light energy into chemical energy. It directly participates in the light reactions. Chlorophyll b, carotenes, and xanthophylls are accessory pigments that capture additional wavelengths and transfer energy to chlorophyll a. These accessory pigments also protect chlorophyll from photo-oxidation.
Explanation:
The Haversian system (osteon) is the characteristic structural unit of compact (cortical) bone in mammals. It consists of a central Haversian canal (containing blood vessels and nerves) surrounded by concentric layers of calcified matrix called lamellae. Between the lamellae are small spaces called lacunae, which house osteocytes (bone cells). Canaliculi connect the lacunae. Bird bones are pneumatic (hollow), and cartilage lacks Haversian systems.
Explanation:
Seminal vesicles produce a fructose-rich fluid (energy for sperm), and the prostate gland adds a milky, alkaline fluid to form semen. The testis produces sperm, epididymis stores them, vas deferens transports.
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