The sequence of progressive, predictable changes in the species composition of a community over time is called: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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The sequence of progressive, predictable changes in the species composition of a community over time is called:

A. Stratification

B. Eutrophication

C. Biological magnification

D. Ecological succession

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Ecological succession is the gradual and predictable process of change in the species composition of an ecological community over time. It occurs after a disturbance (secondary succession) or on a newly formed, lifeless substrate (primary succession). The final, stable community that is in near equilibrium with the environment is called the climax community. The entire sequence of communities is called a sere.

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Assertion (A): The menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy.
Reason (R): High levels of progesterone and estrogen inhibit FSH and LH release.

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation.

B. A true, R false.

C. A false, R true.

D. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
During pregnancy, high progesterone and estrogen from the corpus luteum and placenta suppress gonadotropin secretion, preventing follicular development and menstruation. R correctly explains A.

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Question #2

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Which of the following is an example of a Bryophyte?

A. Funaria

B. Fern

C. Pinus

D. Spirogyra

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Bryophytes are non-vascular land plants that include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Funaria is a common moss and a classic example of a bryophyte. Spirogyra is a green alga, ferns are pteridophytes (vascular cryptogams), and Pinus is a gymnosperm.

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Question #3

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Consider statements about human immunity: 1. Active immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies. 2. Passive immunity involves receiving pre-formed antibodies. 3. Vaccination provides passive immunity. Which are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Active immunity occurs when the body's own immune system is stimulated by an antigen (either through infection or vaccination) to produce its own antibodies and memory cells, providing long-lasting protection. Passive immunity occurs when an individual is directly given pre-formed antibodies (like through mother's milk or antiserum), providing immediate but temporary protection. Vaccination stimulates the body to produce its own immune response, thus providing artificial active immunity, not passive. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

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