Most bacteria possess a single circular double-stranded DNA molecule located in the nucleoid region. Some bacteria may also have linear chromosomes or multiple chromosomes, but the typical prokaryotic chromosome is circular. Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes. Plasmids are small, circular extra-chromosomal DNA in bacteria.
Explanation:
Lactase is a brush border enzyme in the small intestine that hydrolyzes lactose (milk sugar) into its constituent monosaccharides. Maltase acts on maltose, sucrase on sucrose, amylase on starch. Lactose intolerance results from lactase deficiency.
Explanation:
Trypsinogen is an inactive proenzyme secreted by the pancreatic acinar cells. Upon entering the small intestine (duodenum), it is specifically activated into the active enzyme trypsin by the enzyme enterokinase (also known as enteropeptidase), which is secreted by the intestinal mucosa. Trypsin then activates other pancreatic proenzymes like chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase. Pepsinogen is activated by HCl.
Explanation:
The axon is a long process that transmits action potentials from the soma to the target cell (neuron, muscle, or gland). Dendrites receive signals, soma is the cell body, synaptic terminals release neurotransmitters.
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