The structural and functional unit of heredity is the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Amylin, also known as Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-amino acid peptide hormone that is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic beta cells in response to meals (in a ratio of about 1:100 to insulin). Its primary functions are to complement the actions of insulin in regulating postprandial (after-meal) glucose levels. It does this by slowing gastric emptying (preventing a rapid spike in blood glucose), suppressing the secretion of glucagon (preventing the liver from releasing glucose), and acting on the brain to promote satiety and reduce food intake.

Explanation:
Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) simulated primitive Earth conditions by mixing methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor and providing electric discharge (simulating lightning). They obtained amino acids (glycine, alanine, etc.), supporting the chemical origin of life hypothesis. It didn't produce proteins, DNA, or lipids directly. This experiment was crucial for abiogenesis theories.

Explanation:
Vas deferens transports sperm. The ovum is released from the ovary, fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube, prostate produces seminal fluid.