The vector used for introducing foreign genes into monocot plants is often:
A. Bacteriophage lambda
B. Particle bombardment (gene gun)
C. Cosmid
D. Ti plasmid
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Monocots are less susceptible to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using Ti plasmid. Therefore, direct gene transfer methods like particle bombardment (biolistics) are commonly used. The gene gun shoots DNA-coated gold or tungsten particles into plant cells. Ti plasmid works well for dicots. Bacteriophage and cosmids are for bacterial cloning.
Explanation:
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is a coenzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase, playing a key role in carbohydrate metabolism. Riboflavin is FAD, niacin NAD, pantothenic acid CoA.
Explanation:
Vas deferens transports sperm. The ovum is released from the ovary, fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube, prostate produces seminal fluid.
Explanation:
Translation is the ribosome-mediated synthesis of a polypeptide chain according to the mRNA template. tRNA molecules bring amino acids, and peptide bonds form. Replication duplicates DNA, transcription synthesizes RNA from DNA, transformation is genetic uptake by bacteria.
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