The vitamin that is essential for the synthesis of collagen is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Pleiotropy occurs when one gene affects multiple seemingly unrelated traits. Example: phenylketonuria (PKU) affects mental development, skin pigmentation, and musty odor. Marfan syndrome affects skeleton, eyes, and heart. Polygenic is many genes affecting one trait, epistasis is gene interaction, codominance is both alleles expressed.

Explanation:
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is a coenzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase, playing a key role in carbohydrate metabolism. Riboflavin is FAD, niacin NAD, pantothenic acid CoA.

Explanation:
Vitamin D stimulates the synthesis of calcium-binding proteins in the intestinal epithelium, promoting calcium absorption. Deficiency leads to rickets/osteomalacia.