Which class of fungi includes the common bread mold, Rhizopus stolonifer?
A. Ascomycetes
B. Phycomycetes
C. Deuteromycetes
D. Basidiomycetes
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Rhizopus stolonifer belongs to the class Phycomycetes (or Zygomycetes). These fungi are characterized by a coenocytic (multinucleate, aseptate) mycelium and reproduce asexually by forming motile or non-motile spores in sporangia. Ascomycetes (sac fungi) have septate hyphae and produce ascospores in asci. Basidiomycetes (club fungi) produce basidiospores on basidia. Deuteromycetes are imperfect fungi lacking a known sexual stage.
Explanation:
Hemocyanin is a blue, copper-containing respiratory pigment found in the hemolymph of some mollusks and arthropods. It binds oxygen reversibly. Hemoglobin contains iron and is red. Magnesium is in chlorophyll, zinc in some enzymes. Hemocyanin is not bound to cells but floats freely in hemolymph.
Explanation:
Glucagon, released by pancreatic alpha cells when blood glucose is low, activates glycogen phosphorylase, leading to glycogenolysis and release of glucose from the liver. Insulin promotes glycogenesis. Cortisol and thyroxine have permissive effects.
Consider statements about the cytoskeleton: 1. Microtubules are made of tubulin. 2. Microfilaments are made of actin. 3. Intermediate filaments are made of cellulose. Which are correct?
Explanation:
The cytoskeleton provides structural support and is composed of three main types of filaments. Microtubules are hollow tubes made of the protein tubulin. Microfilaments are solid rods composed of actin. Intermediate filaments are made of various fibrous proteins like keratin, not cellulose, which is a plant cell wall component. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
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