Which endocrine gland is known as the 'master gland'? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
Which endocrine gland is known as the 'master gland'?
A. Pituitary
B. Adrenal
C. Thyroid
D. Pancreas
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, controls other endocrine glands through its hormones (e.g., TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH). Hence, it is called the master gland. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary via releasing and inhibiting hormones. Thyroid secretes thyroxine, adrenal secretes adrenaline, pancreas (endocrine part) secretes insulin and glucagon. The pituitary has two lobes: anterior and posterior.
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Question #1
The structure that is the site of fertilization in flowering plants is the:
A. Ovary
B. Stigma
C. Ovule
D. Style
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Fertilization occurs within the ovule, where the pollen tube delivers two sperm cells. One fuses with the egg to form the zygote, the other with polar nuclei to form endosperm. The stigma receives pollen, style is the path, ovary contains ovules.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
Which of the following statements about sex determination in humans is correct?
A. Males produce two types of sperm: X-bearing and Y-bearing.
B. Sex is determined by autosomal chromosomes.
C. Females have XY chromosomes.
D. The mother’s egg determines the sex of the child.
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Human males are XY and produce X and Y sperm; females are XX. The sperm determines sex. Thus, C is correct.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
Consider statements about environment: 1. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) measures organic pollution. 2. Eutrophication is caused by excess nutrients. 3. Biological magnification decreases at higher trophic levels. Which are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1 and 3 only
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) measures the amount of dissolved oxygen required by aerobic bacteria to decompose organic matter in water; high BOD indicates severe organic pollution. Eutrophication is the excessive enrichment of water bodies with nutrients (like nitrates and phosphates), leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion. Biological magnification is the progressive increase in the concentration of non-biodegradable toxins (like DDT) at each successive trophic level, not a decrease. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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