Which of the following diseases is vector-borne? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Synapsis (pairing of homologous chromosomes) and crossing over (exchange of genetic material) occur during prophase I of meiosis, not in mitosis. Mitosis involves one division producing two genetically identical diploid daughter cells. Meiosis involves two divisions producing four haploid gametes with genetic variation. Chromosome duplication and sister chromatid separation occur in both. Spindle fibres form in both divisions. Thus, synapsis and crossing over are unique to meiosis.

Explanation:
The thalamus, a paired structure in the diencephalon, processes and relays sensory information (except olfaction) to the cerebral cortex. It also regulates consciousness and alertness. The cerebellum coordinates movement, hypothalamus maintains homeostasis, medulla controls vital reflexes.

Explanation:
The periderm is the outer protective covering of stems and roots that have undergone secondary growth (thickening), replacing the primary epidermis. It is composed of three distinct layers: 1) Phellem (cork): The outermost layer, consisting of dead, compactly arranged cells with suberized (waterproof) walls that provide protection and prevent water loss. 2) Phellogen (cork cambium): The middle, meristematic layer that produces phellem outwards and phelloderm inwards. 3) Phelloderm (secondary cortex): The innermost layer, consisting of living, parenchymatous cells.