In plant anatomy, the 'Periderm' is a secondary protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in stems and roots undergoing secondary growth. It consists of three main layers: the phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm. The 'phellem' is also known as: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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In plant anatomy, the 'Periderm' is a secondary protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in stems and roots undergoing secondary growth. It consists of three main layers: the phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm. The 'phellem' is also known as:

A. Cork

B. Vascular cambium

C. Cork cambium

D. Secondary cortex

Answer: Option A

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

The periderm is the outer protective covering of stems and roots that have undergone secondary growth (thickening), replacing the primary epidermis. It is composed of three distinct layers: 1) Phellem (cork): The outermost layer, consisting of dead, compactly arranged cells with suberized (waterproof) walls that provide protection and prevent water loss. 2) Phellogen (cork cambium): The middle, meristematic layer that produces phellem outwards and phelloderm inwards. 3) Phelloderm (secondary cortex): The innermost layer, consisting of living, parenchymatous cells.

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The 'Bottleneck effect' in population genetics refers to:

A. The movement of individuals into a new population, introducing new alleles

B. A sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events, leading to a loss of genetic variation

C. The gradual accumulation of beneficial mutations in a population

D. The non-random mating of individuals based on specific traits

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The bottleneck effect is a form of genetic drift that occurs when a population's size is drastically reduced for at least one generation due to a severe environmental event (like a natural disaster, disease, or overhunting). The surviving population is a random, small sample of the original, and its gene pool may not represent the original population's genetic diversity. This leads to a significant loss of genetic variation, making the population more vulnerable to future changes.

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Question #2

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The technique used to detect specific proteins in a tissue section using labeled antibodies is:

A. Western blotting

B. ELISA

C. Flow cytometry

D. Immunohistochemistry

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) uses enzyme- or fluorophore-linked antibodies to visualize specific antigens in tissue sections. ELISA is for liquid samples, Western blot for membrane, flow cytometry for cells.

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Question #3

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The pulmonary veins carry:

A. Deoxygenated blood from body to heart

B. Deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

C. Oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

D. Oxygenated blood from heart to body

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The pulmonary veins are the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood. They transport oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart. In contrast, the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. All other veins carry deoxygenated blood and arteries carry oxygenated blood.

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