Explanation:
Arteries (except pulmonary arteries) carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to body tissues. Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs. Veins return blood to the heart. Capillaries are exchange vessels. Arteries have thick elastic walls to withstand high pressure. The aorta is the largest artery. Remember: 'A' for Artery = Away from heart.
Explanation:
Natural passive immunity is transferred from mother to child via placental transfer of IgG antibodies (in utero) and IgA antibodies in breast milk (colostrum). It provides temporary protection without the infant's immune system being activated. Active immunity results from natural infection or vaccination.
Explanation:
Filippo Pacini first observed Vibrio cholerae in 1854, but Robert Koch later independently identified it and demonstrated its role. Koch is often credited, but Pacini's discovery was earlier. John Snow linked cholera to water.
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