Which of the following is an example of a heterotrophic plant? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) oxidatively decarboxylates pyruvate, producing acetyl-CoA, NADH, and CO₂ in the mitochondrial matrix, linking glycolysis to the Krebs cycle. Pyruvate kinase is in glycolysis, lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to lactate, citrate synthase starts the Krebs cycle.

Explanation:
The Chipko movement was a grassroots environmental movement in India where villagers hugged trees to prevent them from being cut down, highlighting forest conservation. Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a government initiative involving local communities in the protection and management of degraded forest lands. Biodiversity hotspots are regions with exceptionally high levels of species richness and endemism, not low. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
The leavening (rising) of bread dough is caused by the anaerobic respiration (fermentation) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast). The yeast ferments the sugars in the dough, producing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and ethanol. The CO2 gas gets trapped in the dough, causing it to expand and rise, giving bread its light and fluffy texture.