Which of the following organisms belongs to Kingdom Monera? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The cerebellum is a highly folded structure located at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum. It is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, maintaining balance, posture, and equilibrium. Damage to the cerebellum results in ataxia (lack of muscle coordination). The medulla controls vital involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate.

Explanation:
Isoelectric focusing (IEF) separates proteins in a pH gradient according to their isoelectric point (pI), the pH at which a protein has no net charge and stops migrating. SDS-PAGE separates by size, Western blotting detects specific proteins after separation, PCR amplifies DNA. IEF is often used in 2D gel electrophoresis.

Explanation:
Peter Mitchell proposed the chemiosmotic theory (1961), explaining that a proton gradient across a membrane drives ATP synthesis. Krebs discovered the citric acid cycle, Calvin the Calvin cycle, Lipmann discovered coenzyme A.