Which of the following organisms is used in the production of ethanol for biofuels? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Bt cotton is transgenic, containing genes from Bacillus thuringiensis that produce proteins toxic to specific insect pests like the bollworm. Golden rice is genetically modified to produce beta-carotene, a precursor of Vitamin A, to combat deficiency. Cloning involves creating an exact genetic copy of an organism, resulting in genetically identical offspring, not diverse ones. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
The brain is the central and most complex organ of the nervous system, processing sensory information, controlling motor functions, and regulating higher cognitive processes. The heart is a muscular organ that acts as the central pump of the circulatory system, propelling blood through the network of blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients. The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs that are the primary components of the respiratory system, facilitating the vital exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. All statements are correct.

Explanation:
Restriction endonucleases are molecular scissors that recognize and cut DNA at specific, highly specific palindromic nucleotide sequences, creating fragments with sticky or blunt ends. DNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent DNA fragments, effectively joining or 'pasting' them together, crucial in recombinant DNA technology. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is used to exponentially amplify specific DNA segments, not to sequence them; DNA sequencing is a separate technique. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.