Which of the following statements about the human eye is correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences (like mutation, selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and non-random mating). It describes a theoretical, non-evolving population (genetic equilibrium) and provides a mathematical baseline (p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1) to measure evolutionary change.

Explanation:
Vitamin A (retinol) is crucial for the synthesis of rhodopsin, maintaining normal vision, especially in dim light. Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption, leading to rickets in children. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin, not fat-soluble; vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Explanation:
Guttation is the exudation of water droplets containing dissolved salts from hydathodes at leaf margins, occurring under high humidity and low transpiration, due to root pressure. Transpiration is loss of water vapor through stomata. Bleeding is oozing of sap from cut plant parts. Translocation is transport of organic solutes. Guttation is visible as morning dew drops.