Which organelle is primarily responsible for the detoxification of lipid-soluble drugs and toxins in liver cells?
A. Golgi Apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) in liver hepatocytes contains enzymes like cytochrome P450 that detoxify lipid-soluble drugs, metabolic waste, and toxins by making them water-soluble for excretion. Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, the Golgi apparatus in packaging and secretion, and lysosomes in intracellular digestion. Exam tip: SER is abundant in liver and adrenal cortex cells.
Explanation:
The heart is myogenic because the heartbeat originates in the SA node within the heart itself, not from brain signals. The brain can modulate the rate but not initiate. Thus, A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
The law of independent assortment states that alleles of different genes segregate independently of each other during gamete formation, provided the genes are on different non-homologous chromosomes. If genes are linked (on the same chromosome), they tend to be inherited together unless crossing over occurs. This law was derived from Mendel's dihybrid crosses, yielding the 9:3:3:1 ratio.
Explanation:
The kidneys sense low oxygen levels and secrete erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. The liver also produces some EPO in fetal life. Bone marrow is the target, not producer.
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