Explanation:
Moderator slows fast neutrons to thermal energies to increase probability of fission. Common moderators: heavy water, graphite. Control rods (cadmium, boron) absorb neutrons. Coolant removes heat.
Explanation:
Dispersion: separation due to different refractive indices for different colours. Refraction is bending. Scattering (Tyndall effect) makes sky blue. Total internal reflection in optical fibers.
Explanation:
The transformer equation relates voltages to the number of turns: V_secondary / V_primary = N_secondary / N_primary. We have N_p = 50, N_s = 1000, and V_p = 220V. Substituting the values gives V_s / 220 = 1000 / 50. V_s = 220 * 20 = 4400 Volts. This is a step-up transformer, increasing the voltage strictly by a factor of 20.
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