Assertion (A): Cilia and flagella are involved in cell movement. Reason (R): They contain microtubules arranged in a 9+2 pattern. MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
DNA fingerprinting (DNA profiling) is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA patterns. It primarily relies on the analysis of Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) or Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), which are highly polymorphic, non-coding, repetitive DNA sequences that vary greatly in length and number between individuals.

Explanation:
Incomplete dominance occurs when neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a heterozygous phenotype that is a blend (e.g., red × white snapdragons produce pink). Codominance shows both alleles fully expressed (e.g., AB blood type). Complete dominance shows one allele masking another. Polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes contributing to a continuous trait.

Explanation:
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies a specific DNA segment exponentially using primers, DNA polymerase (Taq), and thermal cycling. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA by size, sequencing determines base order, microarray analyzes gene expression. PCR is crucial in cloning, diagnostics, and forensics.