Assertion (A): Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia. Reason (R): It is caused by deficiency or resistance to insulin. MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Most bacteria possess a single circular double-stranded DNA molecule located in the nucleoid region. Some bacteria may also have linear chromosomes or multiple chromosomes, but the typical prokaryotic chromosome is circular. Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes. Plasmids are small, circular extra-chromosomal DNA in bacteria.

Explanation:
Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) are often called the 'amphibians of the plant kingdom' because, although they can live on land, they absolutely require water for the completion of their life cycle, specifically for the swimming of male gametes (antherozoids) to reach the female gamete (egg) during fertilization. Algae are mostly aquatic, while pteridophytes and gymnosperms are better adapted to terrestrial life.

Explanation:
Insectivorous plants (e.g., Venus flytrap) capture insects to obtain nitrogen because they grow in nitrogen-poor soils. So A is true, but R is false (nitrogen-poor, not rich).