Consider statements about evolution: 1. The fossil record provides evidence for evolution. 2. Embryological similarities support common ancestry. 3. Biogeography shows species distribution is random. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Consider statements about evolution: 1. The fossil record provides evidence for evolution. 2. Embryological similarities support common ancestry. 3. Biogeography shows species distribution is random. Which are correct?

A. 1, 2 and 3

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 2 and 3 only

Answer: Option B

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

The fossil record shows a chronological sequence of life forms, providing direct evidence of evolutionary changes over time. Embryological similarities, such as the presence of pharyngeal slits and a notochord in early vertebrate embryos, support the idea of common ancestry. Biogeography, the study of species distribution, shows that species are not randomly distributed but are related to their geographic origins and evolutionary history. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

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Question #1

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Identify the INCORRECT statement about the digestive system:

A. Trypsin is secreted by the pancreas.

B. Pepsin is active in the acidic environment of the stomach.

C. Bile is produced in the gall bladder.

D. Villi increase the surface area for absorption in the small intestine.

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. The gall bladder does not produce bile. All other statements are correct.

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Question #2

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The hormone that stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is:

A. TSH

B. Prolactin

C. ACTH

D. FSH

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release glucocorticoids like cortisol, which regulate metabolism and stress response. TSH stimulates the thyroid, FSH stimulates gonads, and prolactin stimulates milk production. ACTH is part of the HPA axis.

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Question #3

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The cell wall of bacteria is composed of:

A. Cellulose

B. Chitin

C. Hemicellulose

D. Peptidoglycan

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Bacterial cell walls (except Mycoplasma) contain peptidoglycan (murein), a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptides. Chitin is in fungi and arthropods, cellulose in plants, hemicellulose in plant cell walls along with cellulose.

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