Consider statements about five kingdom classification: 1. Monera includes all prokaryotes. 2. Protista includes unicellular eukaryotes. 3. Fungi are photosynthetic autotrophs. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they are absorbed along with fats in the diet and can be stored in the body's fatty tissue and liver. Vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins are water-soluble, meaning they dissolve in water and are not stored in significant amounts. Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults; scurvy is caused by Vitamin C deficiency. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
The Haldane effect describes how the oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin, increasing the removal of CO2. Conversely, deoxygenated blood in the tissues has an increased capacity to carry CO2. This is complementary to the Bohr effect. Exam tip: Bohr = CO2 affects O2; Haldane = O2 affects CO2.

Explanation:
The cohesion-tension theory, primarily proposed by Dixon and Joly (and later supported by Denison), is the most widely accepted mechanism for the ascent of sap in tall trees. It relies on the physical properties of water. Transpiration from the leaves creates a negative pressure (tension) in the xylem. This tension pulls the water column upwards. The water column remains unbroken due to the high cohesive force between water molecules (hydrogen bonding) and the adhesive force of water to the hydrophilic walls of the xylem vessels and tracheids. This creates a continuous, passive pull from the top.