Consider statements about human immunity: 1. Skin is a physical barrier. 2. Phagocytosis is a specific immune response. 3. Memory cells provide long-term immunity. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Consider statements about human immunity: 1. Skin is a physical barrier. 2. Phagocytosis is a specific immune response. 3. Memory cells provide long-term immunity. Which are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1, 2 and 3

D. 1 and 2 only

Answer: Option A

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

The skin and mucous membranes act as primary physical barriers in innate immunity, preventing pathogen entry. Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils is a non-specific (innate) cellular defense mechanism, not a specific immune response. Memory B and T cells are produced during the primary specific immune response and provide rapid, long-lasting immunity upon re-exposure. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

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The scientist who developed the oral polio vaccine was:

A. Albert Sabin

B. Edward Jenner

C. Louis Pasteur

D. Jonas Salk

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Albert Sabin developed the attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), which is easier to administer and provides intestinal immunity. Salk developed the inactivated vaccine (IPV).

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Question #2

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The human chromosome number (2n) is:

A. 23

B. 44

C. 48

D. 46

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Humans have 46 chromosomes in somatic cells (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes). Gametes have 23 chromosomes.

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Question #3

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Which branch of biology deals with the study of fungi?

A. Bryology

B. Pteridology

C. Phycology

D. Mycology

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Mycology is the study of fungi, including yeasts and molds. Phycology deals with algae, bryology with mosses and liverworts, and pteridology with ferns. Fungi are eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms with chitinous cell walls. The term mycology derives from Greek 'mykes' meaning mushroom. Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum revolutionized medicine. Mycology is crucial for understanding fungal diseases and antibiotic production.

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