Consider statements about microorganisms: 1. Bacteria can be beneficial or harmful. 2. Fungi are used in food production. 3. Viruses are living outside a host. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The hypothalamus is a small, highly complex region located at the base of the brain, near the pituitary gland. It is the primary link between the nervous and endocrine systems. It controls the pituitary gland (the 'master gland') both neurally (via the posterior pituitary, where it stores and releases ADH and oxytocin) and hormonally (via the anterior pituitary, by secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the production of anterior pituitary hormones). Through the pituitary, the hypothalamus regulates a vast array of bodily functions.

Explanation:
Fibrous root systems consist of a dense network of thin, branching roots originating from the stem base, typical of monocots like grasses. Taproot system has a main central root (dicots). Adventitious roots arise from stems or leaves, prop roots are supportive. Fibrous roots are effective in preventing soil erosion.

Explanation:
Edward Jenner, an English physician, is credited with developing the world's first successful vaccine against smallpox in 1796, using material from cowpox lesions. Alexander Fleming, a Scottish bacteriologist, discovered the first true antibiotic, penicillin, in 1928, from the fungus Penicillium notatum. Louis Pasteur made immense contributions to microbiology and immunology, but the double helix structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.