Consider the following statements about vitamins: 1. Vitamin A is fat-soluble. 2. Vitamin C is water-soluble. 3. Vitamin D can be synthesized in the skin by sunlight. Which of the above is/are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Beriberi is due to thiamine (B₁) deficiency. It presents as two forms: wet beriberi (cardiovascular) and dry beriberi (neurological). Thiamine is a coenzyme (TPP) in decarboxylation reactions. Common in populations consuming polished rice. Riboflavin deficiency causes cheilosis, pyridoxine deficiency causes peripheral neuropathy and anemia, B₁₂ deficiency causes pernicious anemia.

Explanation:
The dental formula represents the number of each type of tooth in one half of the upper and lower jaws. For an adult human, it is 2123 / 2123. This means: 2 Incisors, 1 Canine, 2 Premolars, and 3 Molars in each quadrant (upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left), totaling 32 teeth.

Explanation:
While restriction enzymes were first observed by Linn and Arber, the first Type II restriction endonuclease (HindII), which is the type used in genetic engineering because it cuts at specific recognition sites, was isolated and characterized by Hamilton O. Smith, Kent W. Wilcox, and Thomas J. Kelly in 1970 from Haemophilus influenzae. For this discovery, Smith shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978. Kary Mullis invented PCR.