Physical Geography MCQs with Answers and Explanations

Question #1

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Which layer of the Earth is composed mainly of nickel and iron?

A. Mantle

B. Lithosphere

C. Crust

D. Core

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The Earth's core is primarily composed of nickel and iron (NiFe). It is divided into the outer core and inner core and is the hottest part of the Earth.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #2

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The outermost solid layer of the Earth is known as:

A. Crust

B. Asthenosphere

C. Core

D. Mantle

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The crust is the Earth's outermost solid layer. It is thinner beneath oceans and thicker beneath continents.

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Question #3

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Which discontinuity separates the Earth's crust from the mantle?

A. Gutenberg Discontinuity

B. Mohorovicic Discontinuity

C. Lehmann Discontinuity

D. Conrad Discontinuity

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho) separates the Earth's crust from the mantle and was discovered by Andrija Mohorovicic.

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Question #4

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The mantle extends up to a depth of approximately:

A. 100 km

B. 2900 km

C. 35 km

D. 6371 km

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The mantle extends from the base of the crust to about 2900 km depth and constitutes the largest portion of Earth's volume.

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Question #5

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Which type of rock is formed by the cooling and solidification of magma?

A. Metamorphic Rock

B. Residual Rock

C. Sedimentary Rock

D. Igneous Rock

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Igneous rocks are formed when magma or lava cools and solidifies. They are called primary rocks because all other rocks originate from them.

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Question #6

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Granite is an example of:

A. Extrusive Igneous Rock

B. Metamorphic Rock

C. Intrusive Igneous Rock

D. Sedimentary Rock

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Granite is an intrusive igneous rock formed when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #7

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Basalt is a common example of:

A. Organic Rock

B. Extrusive Igneous Rock

C. Metamorphic Rock

D. Sedimentary Rock

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Basalt forms from lava cooling rapidly on the Earth's surface and is therefore an extrusive igneous rock.

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Question #8

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Which rock is formed by the accumulation and compression of sediments?

A. Marble

B. Granite

C. Basalt

D. Sandstone

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock formed from compacted sand particles deposited over time.

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Question #9

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Marble is formed from the metamorphism of:

A. Basalt

B. Limestone

C. Shale

D. Granite

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Marble is a metamorphic rock formed when limestone undergoes heat and pressure.

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Question #10

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The process by which rocks are broken down in situ is called:

A. Deposition

B. Weathering

C. Erosion

D. Sedimentation

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Weathering is the disintegration and decomposition of rocks at or near the Earth's surface.

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Question #11

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The Ring of Fire is associated with:

A. Earthquakes and Volcanoes

B. Deserts

C. Coral Reefs

D. Glaciers

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Pacific Ring of Fire is a zone of intense volcanic and earthquake activity surrounding the Pacific Ocean.

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Question #12

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Which volcano ejects lava, ash, and gases through a central vent?

A. Shield Volcano

B. Caldera

C. Composite Volcano

D. Laccolith

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Composite volcanoes have steep slopes and erupt lava, ash, and gases through a central vent.

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Question #13

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The study of earthquakes is known as:

A. Volcanology

B. Meteorology

C. Seismology

D. Geomorphology

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves.

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Question #14

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The point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates is called:

A. Fault

B. Rift

C. Focus

D. Epicenter

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The focus or hypocenter is the point within the Earth where seismic energy is first released.

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Question #15

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The point directly above the focus on the Earth's surface is called:

A. Rift Valley

B. Fault

C. Epicenter

D. Plate Boundary

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake focus.

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Question #16

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Which instrument is used to record earthquakes?

A. Hygrometer

B. Barometer

C. Seismograph

D. Anemometer

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
A seismograph records seismic waves generated by earthquakes.

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Question #17

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The atmosphere is primarily composed of:

A. Nitrogen

B. Oxygen

C. Argon

D. Carbon Dioxide

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Nitrogen constitutes about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant gas.

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Question #18

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Which layer of the atmosphere contains most weather phenomena?

A. Mesosphere

B. Thermosphere

C. Troposphere

D. Stratosphere

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Clouds, rainfall, storms, and other weather events occur mainly in the troposphere.

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Question #19

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The ozone layer is located in which atmospheric layer?

A. Stratosphere

B. Troposphere

C. Thermosphere

D. Mesosphere

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The ozone layer is concentrated in the stratosphere and protects life from harmful ultraviolet radiation.

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Question #20

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Which layer of the atmosphere is known as the 'weather-making layer'?

A. Exosphere

B. Ionosphere

C. Troposphere

D. Mesosphere

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The troposphere contains water vapor and is where weather processes occur.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

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