Physical Geography MCQs with Answers and Explanations

Question #101

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Which scientist is known as the 'Father of Modern Geology'?

A. James Hutton

B. Charles Darwin

C. Alfred Wegener

D. Arthur Holmes

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
James Hutton is regarded as the Father of Modern Geology because he proposed the concept of uniformitarianism, which states that present geological processes operated similarly in the past.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #102

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The theory of 'Uniformitarianism' was proposed by:

A. Alfred Wegener

B. William Morris Davis

C. James Hutton

D. Charles Lyell

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
James Hutton proposed Uniformitarianism, explaining that geological processes occurring today also operated in the geological past.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #103

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Which mineral is the hardest according to Mohs scale?

A. Quartz

B. Topaz

C. Corundum

D. Diamond

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Diamond ranks 10 on the Mohs hardness scale and is the hardest naturally occurring mineral.

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Question #104

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Quartz has a hardness of:

A. 5

B. 7

C. 8

D. 6

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Quartz has a hardness value of 7 on the Mohs scale and is one of the most common minerals in Earth's crust.

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Question #105

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Which rock is known as the 'Parent Rock'?

A. Metamorphic Rock

B. Limestone

C. Sedimentary Rock

D. Igneous Rock

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Igneous rocks are called parent rocks because all other rock types are ultimately derived from them.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #106

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Coal is an example of:

A. Chemical Sedimentary Rock

B. Metamorphic Rock

C. Igneous Rock

D. Organic Sedimentary Rock

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Coal is formed from accumulated plant remains and is classified as an organic sedimentary rock.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #107

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Slate is formed from the metamorphism of:

A. Shale

B. Limestone

C. Sandstone

D. Granite

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Slate is a fine-grained metamorphic rock formed when shale undergoes heat and pressure.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #108

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The Richter Scale is used to measure:

A. Rainfall

B. Earthquake Magnitude

C. Wind Speed

D. Air Pressure

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The Richter Scale measures the magnitude or energy released by an earthquake.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #109

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The Mercalli Scale measures:

A. Earthquake Intensity

B. Wind Velocity

C. Earthquake Depth

D. Volcanic Activity

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Mercalli Scale measures the observed effects and intensity of an earthquake.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #110

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Which type of volcano has broad gentle slopes?

A. Composite Volcano

B. Shield Volcano

C. Cone Volcano

D. Caldera

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Shield volcanoes are formed by fluid lava flows and have broad, gently sloping sides.

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Question #111

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Mauna Loa of Hawaii is an example of:

A. Extinct Volcano

B. Shield Volcano

C. Composite Volcano

D. Dormant Volcano

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Mauna Loa is the world's largest active shield volcano located in Hawaii.

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Question #112

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The study of landforms is called:

A. Geomorphology

B. Meteorology

C. Oceanography

D. Petrology

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Geomorphology is the branch of geography that studies landforms and the processes shaping them.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #113

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Which landform is formed by wind deposition?

A. Canyon

B. Waterfall

C. Sand Dune

D. Fjord

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Sand dunes are formed when wind deposits sand particles in desert and coastal regions.

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Question #114

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Loess deposits are formed by:

A. Wind Deposition

B. River Action

C. Glacial Deposition

D. Volcanic Activity

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Loess consists of fine wind-blown silt deposits found in many parts of the world.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #115

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A mushroom rock is formed by:

A. River Erosion

B. Sea Waves

C. Glacial Erosion

D. Wind Erosion

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Wind erosion near the base of rocks creates mushroom-shaped landforms in deserts.

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Question #116

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An ox-bow lake is formed due to:

A. Faulting

B. Glaciation

C. Volcanism

D. River Meandering

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Ox-bow lakes form when a river cuts off a meander loop from its main channel.

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Question #117

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Which stage of a river is characterized by waterfalls and rapids?

A. Youthful Stage

B. Old Stage

C. Delta Stage

D. Mature Stage

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The youthful stage of a river has steep gradients, waterfalls, and rapid erosion.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #118

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Natural levees are formed by:

A. Volcanic Lava

B. River Deposition

C. Glacial Ice

D. Wind Action

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Natural levees are raised banks formed by the deposition of sediments during floods.

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Question #119

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A fjord is a:

A. Sand Dune

B. Volcanic Crater

C. Coral Island

D. Glacial Valley Flooded by Sea

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Fjords are deep, narrow sea inlets formed by submerged glacial valleys.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

Question #120

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Drumlins are associated with:

A. Marine Deposition

B. Glacial Deposition

C. Wind Deposition

D. River Deposition

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Drumlins are elongated hills formed by glacial deposition beneath moving ice sheets.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Physical Geography

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