Ideal gas: no intermolecular forces ⇒ internal energy = kinetic energy ∝ T. U = f/2 nRT. Memory tip: 'Ideal gas: U = U(T) only; real gases have V dependence'. Thermodynamics concept frequently tested in competitive exams.
Explanation:
SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) uses ultrasonic waves (frequency > 20 kHz) because they have high directionality, short wavelength for better resolution, and minimal absorption in water. Radio waves attenuate rapidly in water; infrasonic waves have long wavelengths unsuitable for detection; light doesn't propagate far in water. Memory tip: 'Ultra = beyond human hearing; used in SONAR/ultrasound imaging'. This application question tests knowledge of wave frequency ranges and their practical uses, common in competitive exams linking physics to technology. Always recall frequency thresholds: infrasonic 20kHz.
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