In primary ecological succession on a bare rock (xerarch), the first organisms to colonize the rock are typically:

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In primary succession on a bare, lifeless rock (xerosere), the pioneer species are usually lichens (a symbiotic association of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria). Lichens can survive in harsh, dry conditions and secrete acids that slowly weather the rock, contributing to soil formation. Once a thin layer of soil is formed, mosses can colonize, followed by herbs, grasses, shrubs, and eventually a climax forest community.

In primary ecological succession on a bare rock (xerarch), the first organisms to colonize the rock are typically: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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