In the human respiratory system, the Haldane effect refers to:
A. The regulation of breathing rate by the medulla
B. The diffusion of oxygen across the alveolar membrane
C. The effect of CO2 on oxygen binding to hemoglobin
D. The effect of oxygenation of hemoglobin on CO2 transport
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The Haldane effect describes how the oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin, increasing the removal of CO2. Conversely, deoxygenated blood in the tissues has an increased capacity to carry CO2. This is complementary to the Bohr effect. Exam tip: Bohr = CO2 affects O2; Haldane = O2 affects CO2.
Explanation:
Transpiration mainly occurs through stomata and drives the transpiration pull for water movement. Guttation is liquid loss, evaporation from free surface.
Consider the following statements about the human kidney:
1. It filters blood and forms urine.
2. It reabsorbs glucose in the collecting duct.
3. It secretes erythropoietin.
Which of the above is/are correct?
Explanation:
Kidneys filter blood (1) and produce erythropoietin (3). Glucose reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule, not collecting duct. So 2 is incorrect.
Explanation:
Gastrin, released by G cells in the stomach antrum, stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl. Secretin stimulates bicarbonate, CCK stimulates enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction, GIP inhibits gastric secretion.
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