Pellagra is a disease characterized by the '4 Ds': dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. It is caused by the deficiency of: MCQ with Answer and Explanation
Pellagra is a disease characterized by the '4 Ds': dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. It is caused by the deficiency of:
A. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
B. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
C. Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
D. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Pellagra is caused by a severe deficiency of Vitamin B3 (Niacin) or its precursor, the amino acid tryptophan. The classic symptoms are the '4 Ds': dermatitis (symmetrical, pigmented rash on sun-exposed skin), diarrhea, dementia (neurological symptoms), and eventually death if untreated. It is historically associated with diets heavily reliant on untreated corn (maize), which has low bioavailable niacin and tryptophan.
Explanation:
Most bacteria possess a single circular double-stranded DNA molecule located in the nucleoid region. Some bacteria may also have linear chromosomes or multiple chromosomes, but the typical prokaryotic chromosome is circular. Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes. Plasmids are small, circular extra-chromosomal DNA in bacteria.
Explanation:
Peptide bond formation is a condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction where the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another, releasing a water molecule. Hydrolysis breaks bonds by adding water. Oxidation/reduction involve electron transfer. Dehydration synthesis builds polymers.
Explanation:
Selman Waksman and colleagues isolated streptomycin from Streptomyces griseus in 1943, the first effective treatment for tuberculosis. Fleming discovered penicillin, Pasteur developed vaccines, Koch identified TB bacterium.
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