The 10% law of energy transfer in a food chain was proposed by: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

The 10% law of energy transfer in a food chain was proposed by:
A. Charles Elton
B. Raymond Lindeman
C. Arthur Tansley
D. Eugene Odum
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The 10% law of energy transfer, which states that only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next, was proposed by Raymond Lindeman in 1942. This law explains why food chains typically have only 3-4 trophic levels; there is simply not enough energy available to support higher levels.

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Question #1
The type of algae that is used as a dietary supplement and is a rich source of protein is:
A. Polysiphonia
B. Gelidium
C. Sargassum
D. Chlorella

Correct Answer: Option D


Explanation:
Chlorella and Spirulina (a cyanobacterium) are used as single-cell proteins and health supplements due to their high protein content (up to 60%) and essential nutrients. Gelidium is used for agar, Sargassum is a brown alga, Polysiphonia a red alga. Chlorella is a unicellular green alga.

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Question #2
The blood cells that initiate blood clotting are:
A. Leukocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. Thrombocytes (platelets)
D. Lymphocytes

Correct Answer: Option C


Explanation:
Platelets adhere to damaged vessel walls, aggregate, and release clotting factors, forming a plug and initiating the coagulation cascade. RBCs carry oxygen, WBCs fight infection, lymphocytes are immune cells.

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Question #3
Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified crop?
A. Bt cotton
B. Triticale
C. Sugarcane
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Correct Answer: Option A


Explanation:
Bt cotton is genetically modified by inserting the cry gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, which produces an insecticidal protein toxic to bollworms. Triticale is a hybrid of wheat and rye (not GM per se), Brassica napus is rapeseed (canola) which may have GM varieties, but Bt cotton is a classic example. GM crops include Bt brinjal, herbicide-tolerant soybeans.

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