The 'Bohr effect' in human physiology describes the shift in the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin due to changes in: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

The 'Bohr effect' in human physiology describes the shift in the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin due to changes in:

A. Temperature only

B. Concentration of 2,3-BPG only

C. Partial pressure of CO2 and H+ concentration (pH)

D. Partial pressure of O2 only

Answer: Option C

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

The Bohr effect describes how an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) or a decrease in pH (increase in H+ concentration) reduces hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the right. This facilitates the unloading of oxygen in metabolically active tissues where CO2 and acid levels are high. The reverse occurs in the lungs, enhancing oxygen loading.

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Question #1

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Consider the following statements about the circulatory system of insects:
1. It is an open circulatory system.
2. Hemolymph is the circulating fluid.
3. Blood is contained in vessels at all times.
Which of the above is/are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 1 and 2 only

D. 1, 2, and 3

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Insects have an open circulatory system where hemolymph bathes organs directly, not always in vessels. Thus, 3 is incorrect.

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Question #2

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Which component of blood plays a crucial role in blood clotting?

A. Plasma proteins (albumin)

B. Platelets

C. White blood cells

D. Red blood cells

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Platelets (thrombocytes) are small, anucleate cell fragments that adhere to the site of injury, release clotting factors, and aggregate to form a platelet plug, initiating the coagulation cascade. RBCs transport oxygen, WBCs defend against infection, and plasma proteins like albumin maintain osmotic balance. Clotting factors are also present in plasma, but platelets are the primary cellular component.

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Question #3

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The pigment that is the primary photosynthetic pigment in cyanobacteria is:

A. Chlorophyll b

B. Phycocyanin

C. Chlorophyll a

D. Fucoxanthin

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll a (like plants) along with phycobilins (phycocyanin and phycoerythrin). Chlorophyll b is in green plants, phycocyanin is an accessory pigment.

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