The component of the bacterial cell wall that is targeted by lysozyme is:
A. Chitin
B. Cellulose
C. Lipopolysaccharide
D. Peptidoglycan
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, saliva, and egg white, hydrolyzes the β-1,4-glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in peptidoglycan, weakening the bacterial cell wall and causing lysis. It is part of innate immunity. Penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis.
Explanation:
Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection, often affecting the lungs, caused by inhalation of Aspergillus spores. Candidiasis is by Candida, ringworm by dermatophytes, histoplasmosis by Histoplasma.
Explanation:
Translation occurs at ribosomes, where tRNA anticodons recognize mRNA codons and add the corresponding amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain. Replication duplicates DNA, transcription synthesizes mRNA from DNA, translocation is movement of chromosomes or protein transport.
Consider statements about vitamins: 1. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant. 2. Vitamin K is synthesized by gut bacteria. 3. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis. Which are correct?
Explanation:
Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage by free radicals. Vitamin K is partially synthesized by the symbiotic bacteria residing in the human intestine, contributing to the body's supply. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a crucial cofactor for the enzymes prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase, essential for the synthesis and stabilization of collagen. All statements are correct.
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