The disease caused by the poliovirus primarily affects the:
A. Lungs
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Nervous system
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Poliovirus attacks motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, causing paralysis. It spreads via the fecal-oral route. Vaccination (IPV/OPV) has almost eradicated it globally. The virus replicates in the intestine and then invades the nervous system. Polio survivors may suffer post-polio syndrome later.
Explanation:
Charles Darwin's 1859 book 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection' laid out the theory of evolution by natural selection. Mendel's work on heredity was published later, Wallace independently conceived natural selection but Darwin's book detailed the evidence comprehensively. Lamarck proposed earlier theories.
Explanation:
Louis Pasteur provided strong evidence that microorganisms cause disease and developed pasteurization to kill pathogens. Koch formalized criteria linking specific microbes to specific diseases. Fleming discovered penicillin, Lister introduced antiseptic surgery.
Explanation:
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the volume of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys, normally about 125 mL/min (180 L/day). Nearly 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed, leaving about 1-2 liters of urine per day. GFR is regulated by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. It's an important clinical indicator of kidney function, estimated from serum creatinine.
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