The first antibiotic, Penicillin, was extracted from which microorganism?
A. Bacterium
B. Actinomycete
C. Virus
D. Fungus (Penicillium notatum)
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. He observed that a mold contaminating a Staphylococcus culture plate was inhibiting bacterial growth. The mold was identified as Penicillium notatum (now P. chrysogenum). Penicillin is extracted from this fungus and is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria.
Explanation:
A sphygmomanometer, often used with a stethoscope, measures arterial blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) in mmHg. A stethoscope listens to heart/lung sounds, thermometer measures temperature, ECG records heart electrical activity. Normal blood pressure is about 120/80 mmHg.
Explanation:
The liver uses the urea cycle (ornithine cycle) to convert highly toxic ammonia, produced from amino acid deamination, into less toxic urea, which is excreted by the kidneys. The kidneys filter urea but do not synthesize it. Pancreas is digestive/endocrine, intestine absorbs nutrients.
Explanation:
Acromegaly is the enlargement of bones and soft tissues due to overproduction of growth hormone in adults after growth plates have fused. Gigantism occurs in childhood, dwarfism GH deficiency, cretinism congenital hypothyroidism.
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