Which of the following organisms lacks a cell wall?
A. Mycoplasma
B. Fungi
C. Plant cells
D. Bacteria
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that naturally lack a cell wall; they are the smallest known free-living organisms. Their membrane contains sterols providing some rigidity. Other bacteria typically have peptidoglycan cell walls. Fungi have chitinous walls, plant cells have cellulose walls. The absence of cell wall makes Mycoplasma pleomorphic and resistant to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis like penicillin.
Explanation:
Vitamin C is a cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases, enzymes essential for collagen cross-linking and stability. Deficiency impairs wound healing and causes scurvy. Vitamin A is for epithelial integrity.
Explanation:
Innate (natural) immunity is non-specific, present at birth, and provides the first line of defense. It includes physical barriers (skin), phagocytes, and chemical defenses. Adaptive immunity is acquired and specific.
Explanation:
Relaxin, produced by the corpus luteum and placenta, softens and relaxes the pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis to facilitate childbirth. Oxytocin stimulates contractions.
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